The Aesculapian Snake: A New Resident in the UK

Introduction

In a surprising twist of nature, one of Europe’s largest snakes, the Aesculapian snake (Zamenis longissimus), is making itself at home in the attics and wall cavities of UK houses. This non-native species, which can grow up to two meters (approximately 6 feet 6 inches) in length, has been spotted in urban areas, particularly around London and Colwyn Bay in North Wales. A recent study has shed light on their behavior and habitat preferences, revealing intriguing insights into their adaptation to human environments.

A Brief Overview of the Aesculapian Snake

Native to central, southern, and eastern Europe, as well as parts of western Asia, the Aesculapian snake is known for its impressive climbing abilities and non-venomous nature. Unlike many of its serpentine counterparts, this species constricts its prey, which primarily consists of rodents and small mammals. The presence of these snakes in the UK marks the northernmost populations of their kind, with some individuals believed to have escaped from captivity in the 1970s and 1980s.

The Study: Insights into Their Behavior

Researchers from Bangor University conducted a comprehensive study to understand the habitat preferences of Aesculapian snakes in the UK. By implanting 21 snakes with radio transmitters over two seasons, they were able to track their movements and behaviors. The findings were both fascinating and alarming: the snakes were actively seeking out and returning to inhabited buildings.

Climbing Skills and Urban Adaptation

The study revealed that male Aesculapian snakes exhibited a distinct preference for urban environments. Out of eight males observed, seven sought indoor shelter, demonstrating a remarkable comfort level in close proximity to humans. These snakes are adept climbers, often scaling large structures to access attics and wall cavities, which they seem to favor as their new homes.

In contrast, female Aesculapian snakes showed a preference for natural habitats, such as woodlands, indicating a gender-based difference in habitat selection. This divergence in behavior raises questions about the ecological implications of their presence in urban settings.

The Origins of the UK Population

The origins of the Aesculapian snake population in the UK can be traced back to two notable incidents. Some individuals are believed to have escaped from the Welsh Mountain Zoo in the 1970s, while others are thought to have been released or escaped from a research group studying them around London Zoo in the 1980s. Interestingly, the London Zoo has distanced itself from the current population, stating that it is not responsible for the snakes found near the zoo and Regent’s Canal.

Public Perception and Safety

For those with a fear of snakes, the presence of Aesculapian snakes in urban areas may be unsettling. However, it is worth noting that other native UK snake species, such as the adder, smooth snake, and grass snake, typically avoid human habitats. This distinction may provide some comfort to those concerned about snake encounters in their homes.

Conclusion

The emergence of Aesculapian snakes in the UK is a fascinating example of how wildlife can adapt to urban environments. As researchers continue to study their behaviors and interactions with human habitats, it is essential for residents to remain informed and aware of these non-native neighbors. While these snakes are not harmful, understanding their presence can help foster a coexistence that respects both human and wildlife needs. The Aesculapian snake’s story is a reminder of nature’s resilience and adaptability, even in the most unexpected places.