Unearthing History: The Discovery of a Roman Carved Head Near Hadrian’s Wall

In a remarkable archaeological find that has captured the attention of historians and enthusiasts alike, a team of archaeologists has uncovered a beautifully carved head of Silvanus, the Roman god of the countryside, near Hadrian’s Wall. This discovery, dating back approximately 1,800 years, is not only significant for its artistic merit but also for the wealth of artifacts that accompanied it, shedding light on the daily lives and beliefs of the Roman inhabitants of Britain.

The Discovery Site

The carved head was found in an ancient bathhouse located beneath the Carlisle Cricket Club, just a stone’s throw from the iconic Hadrian’s Wall. This wall, built under the reign of Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century AD, marked the northern boundary of the Roman Empire and served as a formidable fortification against the tribes of Scotland. The bathhouse, a hub of social activity in Roman times, has now become a treasure trove of historical artifacts, providing a glimpse into the past.

The Carved Head of Silvanus

Leading the excavation, Roman expert Frank Giecco expressed his excitement about the find, stating that the artifacts "literally just came out of the ground." The carved head of Silvanus is particularly noteworthy due to its intricate design and the skill evident in its craftsmanship. Professor Martin Henig, a Roman art expert from the University of Oxford, elaborated on the significance of the piece, noting its distinctive style that can be attributed to a local gem workshop in Carlisle.

Silvanus, often depicted as a protector of the woods and wild places, is less commonly represented in Roman Britain compared to other deities. However, the presence of a temple dedicated to a local version of the god, Cocidius, at Bewcastle suggests that the worship of woodland deities was not entirely uncommon. The gem features Silvanus holding a bushy branch in one hand and a sickle in the other, showcasing the detailed artistry that characterizes the work of the local gem cutters.

A Wealth of Artifacts

Alongside the carved head, Giecco’s team has made several other significant discoveries at the site. Among these are a meticulously crafted ring featuring an inset gem of a rat nibbling on a poppy seed, a collection of rare coins, and around 70 semi-precious gems that were recovered from a bathroom drain—almost two millennia after their last use. These gems, along with multiple "intaglios" (pieces of jewelry worn to signify wealth and status), provide insight into the personal lives of the Romans who frequented the bathhouse.

Interestingly, the Romans used a vegetable-based adhesive to secure gems in their jewelry, which would dissolve in warm water, leading to the unfortunate loss of many precious items down the drain. This detail not only highlights the craftsmanship of the time but also the everyday challenges faced by the Romans.

Insights into Roman Leisure

The excavation has also revealed over 30 gaming counters, reflecting the Romans’ fondness for board games and leisure activities. Additionally, the team has unearthed numerous hairpins and needles, further illustrating the daily lives of the people who inhabited this area. The presence of beautifully decorated pottery and tableware, including bowls adorned with images of Venus and Cupid, adds to the richness of the findings.

Continuing the Excavation

Giecco and his team are committed to further exploration of the site, where they have identified two platforms believed to be associated with ritual activities, and some speculate that the area may have served as a mausoleum. The ongoing excavation promises to yield even more fascinating insights into Roman life in Britain.

As Giecco remarked, "The site never fails to amaze me." With each new discovery, we are reminded of the intricate tapestry of history that lies beneath our feet, waiting to be uncovered. The carved head of Silvanus and the accompanying artifacts not only enrich our understanding of Roman culture but also serve as a testament to the enduring legacy of this ancient civilization.

In conclusion, the recent discoveries near Hadrian’s Wall are a poignant reminder of the past, offering a window into the lives, beliefs, and artistry of the Romans who once thrived in this region. As archaeologists continue their work, we can only anticipate the stories yet to be told from this remarkable site.