Ageing with Dignity: A Global Perspective on Elderly Care

Ageing is an inevitable part of life, a natural phenomenon that brings both opportunities and challenges. As societies evolve and improve health and living conditions, a notable global trend has emerged: increased life expectancy. However, this rise in longevity has not always translated into healthy, active older individuals who can maintain their independence. The International Day of Older Persons, observed annually on October 1, serves as a reminder of the importance of addressing the unique needs of older populations. This day aims to raise public awareness about the complexities of ageing and to mobilize families, community groups, and stakeholders to tackle the difficulties faced by older individuals.

The Theme of 2023: Ageing with Dignity

This year’s theme, “Ageing with Dignity: The Importance of Strengthening Care and Support Systems for Older Persons Worldwide,” emphasizes the urgent need for governments, policymakers, and social services to take concerted action. The focus is on addressing the physical, social, psychological, and health needs of older persons. It underscores the importance of promoting healthy living conditions that respect the dignity, beliefs, and privacy of older individuals, while also affirming their right to make decisions regarding their care and quality of life.

The Global Ageing Trend

According to the latest projections by the United Nations, the number of older people—defined as those aged 65 years and older—is expected to triple from approximately 260 million in 1980 to 761 million by 2021. By 2050, the global share of the older population is projected to increase from about 10% to 17%. This demographic shift is significant: by 2050, the number of individuals aged 65 and above will be twice that of children under five and nearly equal to the number of children under twelve. Notably, due to the female advantage in life expectancy, women will outnumber men at older ages in almost all populations, leading to a future where elderly women are predominant.

Ageing in Sri Lanka: A Case Study

Sri Lanka stands out as the fastest ageing country in South Asia. In 2012, 12.4% of the population—approximately 2.5 million people—were aged 60 years and above. This figure is projected to double by 2041, meaning that one in every four Sri Lankans will be elderly. A significant aspect of ageing in Sri Lanka is the increasing share of very old individuals; in 2012, 1.3% of the population was aged eighty and above, a number expected to more than triple by 2041.

The ageing population in Sri Lanka is creating an escalating demand for health services. As elders live longer, they face a multitude of health challenges that increase the unmet need for healthcare. The risks associated with ageing—such as declining physical health, sensory impairments, and cognitive decline—necessitate a greater demand for mental health services, long-term care, support, and rehabilitation.

Policy Initiatives for Healthy Ageing

In response to these challenges, the Ministry of Health in Sri Lanka is leading a dialogue to revisit and develop a health master plan for the next policy cycle (2026-2035). Healthy ageing will be a crucial component of this policy. The initiative aims to improve care for the elderly through integrated approaches to mental and physical health care, ensuring that services are accessible and provide opportunities for social interaction.

A series of dialogues with key stakeholders has been initiated to identify a rational model for healthy ageing. This model will focus on care integration, strengthening shared care clusters, and defining a standard package of care that addresses long-term needs. The goal is to incorporate wellness preservation through existing health systems, ensuring that older individuals receive comprehensive care.

Building Capacity in Health Services

To effectively implement these initiatives, it is essential to have a competent health workforce and caregivers dedicated to elderly care. Public Health Nursing Officers (PHNOs) play a vital role in delivering community health services in Sri Lanka. To address the challenges in the health workforce, WHO is supporting plans to enhance the capacities of PHNOs, particularly in providing health services for the elderly at the community level. Training programs are being developed to improve knowledge and skills related to long-term care and common mental health issues among the elderly.

Conclusion: A Vision for the Future

The measures being implemented in Sri Lanka present an opportunity to design and deliver inclusive, comprehensive care services based on Universal Health Coverage (UHC). By fostering healthy and socially inclusive environments, governments and service providers can significantly influence the well-being of older generations. As we commemorate the International Day of Older Persons, it is crucial to recognize the importance of ageing with dignity and to advocate for systems that support the health and quality of life for older individuals worldwide.

In a rapidly ageing world, the commitment to enhancing care and support systems for older persons is not just a necessity; it is a moral imperative that reflects our values as a society.